ALK-positive lung adenocarcinomas are associated with a younger age at sequencing, lower tumor mutational burden, higher PD-L1 expression, and lower cancer testis antigen burden compared to ALK-wild-type, EGFR mutated, and KRAS

Distinct genomic alterations were identified in different gene expression and immunotherapy marker defined immune-response phenotypes, with tumor-dominant phenotype tumors having the highest number of enriched alterations.

Tumors of younger patients with NSCLC had distinct genomic profiles with more targetable alterations, but lower mutational burden and immunogenicity compared to older patient tumors.

The study found that brain metastases in melanoma had a weaker immune response compared to primary skin, lymph node, and other metastatic sites, suggesting reduced immune cell infiltration and expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor targets.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits increased inflammation and higher expression of checkpoint targets compared to non-TNBC cases, with a paradoxical finding that lower PD-L1 expression is associated with better overall survival.

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Assays monitoring circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have the potential to predict early resistance to immunotherapy and allow for early intervention.

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